AA_Theories of Aging

There are different theories of aging, they include programmed aging, accidental aging, mitochondrial dysfunction, telomeres and
aging mechanisms. Neither can we change our DNA, nor the deterioration rate of the structures and functions of our cells.
Thus understanding the aging mechanisms will become vital for identifying ways to delay the aging process.
And that is the part we can have certain influences over the development rate of the aging tissues.

Programmed Aging

This theory views aging as a natural process that follows a ‘healthy’ cycle in the body, it is known as genetically programmed aging and followed our biological timetable.

Accidental Aging

This is based on the wear and tear theory – our bodies wear out over time. With the exposure of radiation, toxic burden, UV,
Free radicals are produced and caused changes and damages to our cells.

Mitochondrial Dysfunction

Every cell in the human body has mitochondria to produce energy ATP, but this process produces free radicals that can make people aging too. Long-term exposure to environmental toxins may cause damage to mitochondrial DNA accumulation and accelerate aging.

Telomeres

Telomeres are special DNA sequences to protect the ends of DNA strands. A small amount of DNA is lost at each chromosome during cell division.
If the telomere is shortened or damaged, people will be more prone to aging and diseases.

Aging Mechanisms

Aging mechanisms related to aging include inflammation, oxidative stress and immune disorders.
Cautious at diets and lifestyle will be beneficial for anti-aging, longevity and
extension of the youthfulness healthily will be the reward to yourself.

Inflammation

1. Inflammation

Inflammation is a local response to cell damage, characterized by telangiectasia (spider veins), white blood cell penetration, redness, fever, and pain.
This is the normal response that begins to eliminate harmful substances or damaged tissues.
Inflammation can be divided into acute and chronic. Acute inflammation is the initial response to harmful stimuli. Chronic inflammation may be caused by smoking, obesity, red wine, chronic stress, nutritional deficiencies or imbalances. This may cause long-term illnesses such as heart disease, cancer, osteoporosis, type 2 diabetes, muscle atrophy, arteriosclerosis, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's age-related macular degeneration, increasing morbidity and mortality and many more.

Recommendations:
Maintain a healthy diet and lifestyle to reduce inflammation.
An anti-inflammatory diet is recommended.
Introduces Autophagy to keep cells healthy, reduce inflammation, and delay neurodegenerative disease.

Oxidative Stress

2. Oxidative Stress

Oxidation is the normal process of chemical reactions in the body. Under normal circumstances, free radicals can help fight infection and it is indeed also produced during normal metabolism. However, if there is an imbalance of free radicals and antioxidants in the body, it will generate oxidative stress which can lead to cell and tissue damage. Free radicals can also come from the environment, ozone, pesticides, detergents, cigarettes, radiation, pollution, high sugar, high-fat diet and alcohol. Long-term oxidative stress contributes to the development in a range of chronic conditions such as cancer, diabetes and heart disease.

Recommendations:
Slow down oxidation by having anti-oxidants to neutralize the free radicals.
Antioxidants can be found in fruits, vegetables, healthy fats, vitamins A, C, and E, as well as beta-carotene, lycopene, and lutein.
Create physical barriers by applying sunscreen and skincare rich in anti-oxidants.
https://www.medicinenet.com/what_does_oxidative_stress_mean/article.htm

Immune Disorders

3. Immune Disorders

Humans have innate and adaptive immune systems. The immune system is an organ distributed throughout the body to fight pathogens.
The use of antibiotics may temporarily or permanently interfere with the microbial environment but it has adverse effect on our weight and obesity or mental health. Probiotics can be a solution of microbial disorders caused by antibiotics.

It is important to maintain the intestinal barrier function to prevent harmful molecules from entering the bloodstream, causing inflammation and affecting immunity. Increased intestinal permeability means more antigens will be able to passing through and the prolonged contact with antigen may cause inflammation. To tackle this, we need to regulate the Zonulin to the appropriate level.

Zonulin is a biomarker of the increased intestinal permeability. The higher the level means the higher risk of weaker gut health with intestinal permeability. We need the reversible regulation of intestinal permeability of Zonulin.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5372598/

There are good and bad bacterial live on mucosal surfaces.
►Good bacteria :
Lactobacillus, Acidophillus, Bifidobacteria, Bacteroides, Faecali bacterium
►Bad bacteria:
E. coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Klebsiella, Yersinia

Recommendations:
Boost the immune system by taking probiotics, destress, detox and get hydrated.
Avoid gluten and gut bacteria that will trigger the increase of Zonulin.